Study of intrinsic characteristics of ESD protection diodes for high-speed I/O applications

To meet the desired electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness, ESD diodes was added into the I/O cells of integrated circuits (ICs). However, the parasitic capacitance from the ESD diodes often caused degradation on circuit performance, especially in the high-speed I/O applications. In this work, two modified layout styles to effectively improve the figures of merits (FOMs) of ESD protection diodes have been proposed, which are called as multi-waffle and multi-waffle-hollow layout styles. Experimental results in a 90-nm CMOS process have confirmed that the FOMs (RON CESD, ICP/CESD, VHBM/CESD, and ICP/ALayout) of ESD protection diodes with new proposed layout styles can be successfully improved. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.